爬虫python入门教程,python爬虫教程,菜鸟教程python在线编程🐍 Python爬虫入门基础1. 环境准备- 安装Python:从[python.org](https://www.python.org/)下载3.x版本,勾选"Add Python to PATH"- 包管理工具:使用pip安装必要库 ```bash pip install requests beautifulsoup4 lxml &n..
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爬虫python入门教程,python爬虫教程,菜鸟教程python在线编程
🐍 Python爬虫入门基础
1. 环境准备
- 安装Python:从[python.org](https://www.python.org/)下载3.x版本,勾选"Add Python to PATH"
- 包管理工具:使用pip安装必要库
```bash
pip install requests beautifulsoup4 lxml
```
2. 核心库介绍
- requests:发送HTTP请求获取网页内容
```python
import requests
response = requests.get("https://example.com")
print(response.text) # 打印网页HTML
```
- BeautifulSoup:解析HTML提取数据
```python
from bs4 import BeautifulSoup
soup = BeautifulSoup(response.text, 'lxml')
title = soup.title.string # 获取网页标题
```
📝 入门实例:爬取网页标题和链接
```python
import requests
from bs4 import BeautifulSoup
url = "https://example.com"
response = requests.get(url)
soup = BeautifulSoup(response.text, 'lxml')
获取标题
print("网页标题:", soup.title.string)
获取所有链接
links = soup.find_all('a')
for link in links:
href = link.get('href')
text = link.text.strip()
if href and text:
print(f"链接文本: {text}, URL: {href}")
⚠️ 爬虫注意事项
1. 遵守robots协议:查看网站`/robots.txt`了解爬取规则
2. 设置请求头:模拟浏览器行为避免被封禁
```python
headers = {
"User-Agent": "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) Chrome/91.0.4472.124"
}
response = requests.get(url, headers=headers)
```
3. 控制爬取速度:使用`time.sleep(1)`设置间隔,避免给服务器造成压力
📚 进阶学习路径
1. 处理动态网页:学习Selenium或Pyppeteer
2. 数据存储:掌握CSV、JSON、MySQL等存储方式
3. 反爬应对:了解IP代理、验证码识别等技术
4. 框架学习:尝试Scrapy框架提升爬取效率
建议从静态网页开始练习,逐步挑战复杂场景。遇到反爬问题时,可以先检查请求头设置和爬取频率哦!

爬虫python入门教程,python爬虫教程,菜鸟教程python在线编程🐍 Python爬虫入门基础1. 环境准备- 安装Python:从[python.org](https://www.python.org/)下载3.x版本,勾选"Add Python to PATH"- 包管理工具:使用pip安装必要库 ```bash pip install requests beautifulsoup4 lxml &n...